论WTO反倾销法视角下中国的市场经济地位问题——兼论《中国入世议定书》第15条的解释

Discussion on China's Market Economy Status Under WTO Anti-Dumping Law——Review on the Interpretation of Article 15 of China's Accession Protocol to the WTO

中国的市场经济地位问题直接关系到在WTO反倾销程序中认定正常价值的方法。自中国加入WTO以来,考虑到《中国入世议定书》第15条的妥协,中国长期被视为非市场经济国家,以至于中国出口企业被其他成员方采取替代方法认定正常价值,并被征收高幅度反倾销税。从《中国入世议定书》第15条的解释出发,15年期满后应终止对华的非市场经济地位待遇,这一说法具备合理性;从中国经济体制改革的现实考察,以国有企业问题为例,中国的市场经济条件已经成就。基于法律与经济的双重考量,其他成员方在2016年后继续将中国视为非市场经济国家不具备充分合理性。

China＇s market economy status is related to the method of determining normal value during the process of WTO anti-dumping. Since China acceded to the WTO,due to the concession in the Article 15 of China＇s Accession Protocol to the WTO,China has constantly been considered as a non-market economy country. As a result,alternative methods are applied to determine normal value for Chinese exporters,and high anti-dumping duties are imposed. Departing from the interpretation of Article 15 of China＇s Accession Protocol,it is reasonable to conclude that when the period of 15 years expires,the non-market economy status should be no longer applicable to China. The reform of China＇s economic system such as the issue of SOEs has shown that China has met the requirements and conditions of MES. Therefore,it is no more reasonable for other members to regard China as a NME after December 2016. in terms of both economic system and laws.