喀斯特峰丛洼地石漠化治理与生态服务提升技术研究

Research and demonstration on technologies for rocky desertification treatment and ecosystem services enhancement in karst peak-cluster depression regions

针对峰丛洼地区域石漠化面积削减较为迅速、亟需从前期治理侧重遏制面积扩张转向生态服务提升为主的新阶段后面临的治理投入与分区较为粗放、治理技术与模式缺乏针对性、综合效益亟待提升等问题,以生态服务提升为核心目标,系统研究生态工程实施以来区域石漠化演变的关键因子、水土流失/漏失关键过程与调控、植被恢复与人工诱导提升土壤生态功能机理,突破面向生态功能优化的区域生态系统监测评估、表层岩溶水生态调蓄与高效利用、有机物资源利用与退化土壤肥力提升、耐旱型植物群落构建与规模化建植、可持续性生态衍生产业培育等关键技术,形成生态服务提升与民生改善的区域石漠化治理系统性解决方案,为石漠化治理二期工程与扶贫提供科技支撑与示范样板。

The rocky desertification is the most seriously eco-environmental problem in karst regions,Southwest China. The local and national Chinese governments have being implemented a series ecological restoration projects to combat and control rocky desertification. The decrease of rocky desertification in karst peak-cluster depression regions is relatively faster than other karst landforms. However,the treatment of rocky desertification still faced the extensive investment and subregion,the lack of regional pertinence for treatment technology and model,and low comprehensive benefits. Therefore,it should be paid more attention to enhance the ecosystem services in combating and controlling rocky desertification in karst peakdepression regions,including the area increase of rocky desertification. One of the National Key Research and Development Programs has been supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China（ Grant No. 2016YFC0502400）. This program aimed to enhance the ecosystem services of karst peak-cluster depression. Firstly,this program explores the mechanisms of rocky desertification evolution on regional scale,the regulation and control of water and soil loss and drop out processes,vegetation recovery and human-driven enhancement of soil ecological functions. Then,it will research anddevelop the adaptively ecological restoration and reconstruction technology related to the function optimization-oriented ecosystem monitoring and assessment,the regulation,storage,and efficient utilization of epikarst water,the utilization of organic materials and improvement of degraded soil fertilities,the construction and assembly of drought-enduring vegetation communities and large-scale plantation,the cultivation and development of ecological derived industries. At last,with the integration and demonstration of adaptive restoration technology,the program will propose systemic solutions to accomplish the synergies of ecosystem services enhancement and livelihoods improvement for the comprehensive treatment of rocky desertification. This implementation of this program will provide scientific foundations and demonstration prototype for the implementation of karst rocky desertification management and control project and poverty relief.