工业生态系统多样性评述

Critical review on industrial diversity indicators

工业多样性是工业生态学关注和研究的重点,也是工业生态化的重要决策支撑之一。但其含义复杂,指标多种多样。为了深入理解工业多样性的含义及其对工业生态系统的影响,本研究分析了工业生态系统与自然生态系统在结构和功能两方面的异同,梳理了工业多样性概念定义的发展过程,整理了现今应用较多的10个工业多样性指标,从工业种类数量和分布均匀程度、工业的可逐级细分性,以及工业间的经济联系和区域产业组合三方面将指标划分为三组,分别介绍其计算方法和含义,并比较了各指标的优缺点。在实际应用中,综合多个工业多样性指标的计算结果,可以较为全面的反映区域工业组成和结构,有助于理解工业多样性对工业生态系统过程的影响。

Industrial diversity was an important frontiers of industrial ecology research,and also an important decision support for industrial ecologization. But it carried out lots of concepts and various measurement methods. In order to understand the concepts of industrial diversity and its influence on industrial ecological system,this study first compared the similarities and dissimilarities between industrial ecological system and natural ecological system from structure and function aspects. In addition we reviewed the evolution of industrial diversity concepts,summarized the measurement methods of ten industrial diversity indices,which can be separated them into three groups as industrial number and evenness of distribution,industrial hierarchy,economic correlation and regional industrial combination. Then we gave detailed instructions on meaning and calculation formula of each index. We also made detailed analysis of the characteristics of these indices about the advantage and disadvantage. In practical application,combining the results of several industrial indices may help us to understand the full story of industrial composition and structure,and the influence of industrial diversity on the process of industrial ecosystem.