基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的中国经济空间格局

The spatial pattern of China's economic development based on DMSP/OLS nighttime light data

基于中国2303个县域单元1998年-2013年的人均GDP和夜间灯光遥感数据,采用空间自相关分析方法研究中国县域经济发展的空间格局,结果表明：1）整体上,中国区域经济增长两极分化严重,区域发展空间格局大体保持不变.其中,东部地区的珠三角、福建沿海、长三角、山东半岛、京津唐、辽中南依旧为典型的经济发达区,成为全国性的经济增长极,但是其经济溢出效应不足;西南地区的贵州、四川行政区的边缘及西藏东南部和甘肃南部为典型的经济落后区;中西部的省会城市成为区域经济增长中心,对周边县市产生虹吸作用.2）从时间序列变化趋势来看,不同聚类类型的变化趋势差异显著.HH类型区的空间格局总体上稳定,年际变化小;LL类型区年际起伏变化大;HL类型和LH类型区变化不显著.从空间分布特征来看,HH类型和LL类型区具有集中连片分布的特征,HL类型和LH类型区趋于分散,其中HL类型呈点状分布于中西部省会城市（武汉、西安、兰州、成都、重庆、贵阳、南宁、昆明）.

Studying the spatial pattern of county economic development is extremely important for providing a scientific base for the policy making and promoting balanced economic develop- ment among regions. Based on the 2,303 counties＇ per capita GDP and nighttime light in 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013, the spatial autocorrelation analysis were used to investigate the spatial patterns of county economic development. The results of the research are as follows. （1） over-all, China＇s regional economic growth is sharply unbalanced and polarization is serious, with spatial pattern of regional economic development remaining largely unchanged. Economy devel- oped area mainly distributed in 6 urban agglomerations （Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, Shandong Peninsula, Coast of Fujian, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan, Central-southern of Lia- oning） ; Guizhou, The edge of Sichuan Administrative Region, Southeast Tibet and southern Gansu present typical economic backwardness; the capital city of the central and western re- gions has become the center of regional economic growth. （2） From the point of view of time series, the change trends of different cluster types of county units were significantly different. The spatial pattern of ＂High-High＂ area is steady in general, and the inter-annual variation is small. The changes of ＂High-Low＂ and ＂Low-High＂ area are not obvious. From the point of view of spatial distribution characteristics, ＂High-High＂ and ＂Low-Low＂ pattern of economic development, have contiguous distribution characteristics, while ＂High-I,ow＂ and ＂Low- High＂ pattern of economic development are disperse, with ＂High-Low＂ pattern of economic develop- ment dotted in the central and western provincial capital cities （Wuhan, Xi＇An, Lanzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Guiyang, Nanning, Kunming）.