基于碳普惠制的城市公共自行车个人碳减排量计算

Research on carbon emission reduction calculation of urban public bicycle system base upon generalised carbon trading

碳交易是为促进全球温室气体减排、减少全球二氧化碳排放所采用的市场机制。广东省作为中国七个碳交易试点之一,将碳交易的核心理念应用于促进居民生活减碳,首次提出碳普惠制创新。碳普惠制旨在将公众的低碳行为量化并予以激励,以此促进低碳生活实践,降低生活领域碳排放。本文以公共自行车交通系统为研究对象,借鉴CCER方法学,对公共自行车项目的个人减排量核算方法进行了设计,并参考文献统计数据举例说明个人减排量核算公式。公共自行车项目个人减排量核算的方法学设计中,减碳系数的计算考虑自行车可代替的所有出行方式,且在不同出行方式比例的统计中考虑出行距离的影响,设置随出行距离变化的减排系数,在减排量的计算中有效突出个人的减排贡献量。依据本方法学计算得到了城市公共自行车项目个人减排系数曲线及减排量核算公式。最后从数据收集的角度出发,提出相应的改进建议以提高方法学的科学性及适用性。本方法学能客观评估城市公共自行车出行的个人碳减排量,为碳普惠制的实施提供量化方法学参考,同时填补了目前个人碳减排核算研究领域的空白。

Carbon trading is the market mechanism adopted for promoting the reduction of global greenhouse gas emission, especially the reduction of carbon dioxide emission. As one of the seven pilot programs of carbon trading, Guangdong Province firstly proposed the generalised system of carbon trading and applied the core ideology of carbon trading into the carbon emission reduction in daily life. The generalised system of carbon trading aims to quantify the carbon emission reduction of public low-carbon behavior, and reward individuals according to the calculation, so as to motivate the public to choose low-carbon lifestyle and reduce the carbon emission in daily life. As the research object, a quantitative methodology for personal carbon emission reduction of the urban public bicycle system was designed with the CCER methodologies for reference. Moreover, this article included a sample application to illustrate the calculation of personal carbon emission reduction using the method according to the statistical data in reference. During the design of quantification methodology, all travel modes which could be replaced by bikes should be taken into account for the calculation of emission reduction coefficient. Effect of trip distance was reflected in the statistics of trip rate in different modes. Thus an emission reduction coefficient changing with trip distance was acquired, which has highlighted the personal contribution. In addition, from the data collection perspective, improved suggestion was listed to improve the scientificity and applicability of the calculative methodology. The mentioned methodology was thought to assess the individual emission reduction objectively, which could be applied in the calculation of personal emission reduction under generalised system of carbon trading. Furthermore, the methodology was a beneficial supplement to current study of personal carbon emission reduction calculation.