比较文化:汤显祖与莎士比亚?

Comparative Culture:Tang Xianzu and Shakespeare?

汤显祖和莎士比亚完全是不同文化、不同背景、不同历史进程中承担不同时代任务的他者。两位戏剧家的文化背景、历史环境和时代认知完全不同,人生价值实现和意义追寻的方向也不同,因而其人生道路迥异。比较文化必须考虑到这种种基因、环境和语境差异,才能确立起科学性立场。我们今天对汤显祖与莎士比亚进行研究和对比,可以看到不同文化背景下戏剧家的不同创作和生命轨迹,看到他们确立起不同的文化价值留下不同遗产,而这些遗产对今天来说具有同样重要的价值和意义。这就够了,不需要去人为抬高一个打压一个。我们进行文化比较关注的方向应该是:从他们的剧作共同关心人类情感和命运的角度,体味其经典作品的深刻人文内涵,重新认识人类智慧和人类情感的本源,也品味中西文化的差异与各自审美特征,了解我们共同和不同的历史传统,把握中西戏剧不同的样式品性与美学原则,从而确立人类文化艺术丰富性、多样性和异质性的认识。

Tang Xianzu and Shakespeare are two different writers living in different culture, background and historical course. These two dramatists are very different in their cultural background, historical environment and recognition, therefore, their life value and significance are different and their life is very disparate. Comparative culture must con- sider these different gene, environment, and context, only in this way could we establish a scientific standpoint. When we do some comparison between Tang Xianzu and Shakespeare, we could find their different creation and life track in different cultural context, and find different heritages they left for different culture which is very significant for today. Such is enough. And there is no need for us to praise one and attack another. While doing cultural compari- son, we should appreciate the profound humanistic connotation of classical works from the perspective of human emo- tion and destine, and recognize the origin of human wisdom and emotion, and appreciate differences between Chinese and western culture, and understand similar and different historical tradition, and comprehend different aesthetic prin- ciples of Chinese and western opera.