福利视角下水库移民安置目标分析

An Analysis of Reservoir Resettlement Target from the Perspective of Welfare

安置目标能否实现是水库移民工作成功与否的重要标志,传统收支空间内考察移民生活存在着只关注"物"而不关注"人"的不足。从福利视角构建水库移民搬迁前后各个方面福利的变化对生活水平即总福利水平不降低这一基本安置目标的影响模型,基于南水北调丹江口水库农村后靠移民的调查资料进行了实证分析。结果表明,近七成的移民在搬迁三年后达到了安置目标,影响移民实现安置目标的最重要因素为收入状况、人际交往、就业难易、发展机会、户主年龄及学历也有较大的影响,而负债情况、居住条件、身心健康、社会保障、子女教育则影响不显著。丹江口水库后靠移民的精准帮扶应当指向增强移民人力资本、充分共享工程效益等方面来促进移民生活水平的不断提高。

Whether the target can be attained is an important symbol of the success of reservoir resettlement work. The study of life has somedefects from the perspective of income and expenditure. This paper constructs the impact of welfare changes of reservoir resettlement on reset-tlement target by model, and uses the survey of Danjiangkou Reservoir of South-to-North Water Transfer Project to make an empirical analy-sis. The resuhs show that nearly seventy percent of reservoir resettlement have reached resettlement target. The most important influencing fac-tor is income, and interpersonal communication, difficulty and easiness of the employment, development opportunities, the age and educationof householders have great influence, but debt situation, living conditions, physical and mental health, social security, education for childrenhave small impacts. Precise help for Danjiangkou Reservoir resettlement should point to enhance the human capital and fully share benefits of the project, which can promote continuous improvement of living standards.