寒地粳稻耐碱研究进展及开发前景

Advances in Alkaline Tolerance of Japonica Rice in Cold Zone

水稻是我国主要粮食作物之一,粳稻主要种植于我国东北地区。松嫩平原是我国最大的苏打盐碱地分布区,苏打盐碱胁迫不仅限制了水稻生产面积进一步扩大,而且降低水稻产量,提高水稻耐碱能力对水稻生产起重要作用。本文从水稻耐碱性的形态特征、生理生化基础、碱胁迫对水稻产量及品质的影响、耐碱性QTL的定位和分子机理等方面阐述了水稻耐碱性研究进展,并提出了加速耐碱水稻育种的几点建议,展望了耐碱寒地粳稻的开发前景。

Rice is the main staple food, and most of Japonica rice is planted in south of China. As songnen plaint is the largest soda saline alkali soil, that limited the rice planting area and yield, improvement of the alkaline tolerance in rice is playing an important role on the rice production. This paper summarized the effect of alkaline on morphological characteristics, physiological and bio-chemical mechanisms, yield and quality, additionally, QTL and molecular biological level for alkaline tolerance. It was also put forward the rice breeding for alkaline tolerance.