脱落酸和氮磷钾肥喷施对孕穗期、灌浆期受渍小麦的缓解效应

Alleviation of Abscisic Acid and Nutrient to Waterlogged Wheat at Booting and Filling Stage

探究脱落酸(ABA)与氮磷钾肥配合施用对生育中后期受渍小麦生理特性及产量的减缓调控作用,为化控调节小麦生长提供科学依据。2014-2015年通过大田试验,以郑麦9023为试验材料,在孕穗期、灌浆期各设置受渍10d的水分胁迫组,于渍水结束后,喷施复配化控试剂(0.05μmol/L ABA、2%尿素和0.3%磷酸二氢钾的混合液),以受渍处理喷施清水的小区为对照(CK),测定叶片膜脂过氧化参数,叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量等,并考察植株生长状况及产量。结果表明,与CK相比,孕穗期、灌浆期受渍后喷施复配化控试剂,丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖含量和过氧化物酶活性显著降低;叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量及超氧化物歧化酶活性显著上升。孕穗期受渍,复配化控溶液使产量提高的原因主要是粒数的增加;而在灌浆期受渍,产量的提高主要是粒重的增加和不孕小穗数的减少。孕穗期受渍喷施复配化控试剂与氮磷钾肥溶液,产量分别提高17.4%和13.4%;而在灌浆期,产量相应提高5.4%和4.2%。ABA和氮磷钾肥配合喷施可缓解孕穗期受渍小麦的生理伤害,促进产量提高。

A field experiment was conducted to study the physiological traits and yield-related parameters ofwaterlogged wheat during mid-late growth period, with assorted spraying abscisic acid （ABA）and NPK fertilizer. Plants of booting and grain-fill stage were separately suffered from subsurface waterlogging of 10 d, and then applying with complex solution （0.05μmol/L ABA, 2% urea and 0.3% potassium hydrogen phosphate） after waterlogging, with spraying tap water as the control （CK）. Leaf membrane lipid peroxidation, pigments and soluble protein content, and yield of crops were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with CK, malondialdehyde, soluble sugar content, and peroxidase activity significantly reduced, while application of compound solutions; But chlorophyll, soluble protein content and superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly. The increase in seed yield mainly derived to the grain numbers increment, as combined spray ABA and NPK to waterlogged crop of heading, whereas production increase mainly attributed to the increase of grain weight and the decrease of infertility spikelet, with application of that at filling stage. Yield was increased by 17.4% and 13.4% at heading stage, and increased merely by 5.4% and 4.2% at grain-fill, using compound solution and NPK fertilizer, respectively. Therefore, combined use of ABA and NPK can be taken as healing agent to the improvement of protein and superoxide dismutase for alleviating growth harms and yield losses in wheat during booting.