基于移栽期、施肥和品种的云南烤烟协同调控技术研究

Research on the Cooperative Technology of Flue-Cured Tobacco based on Transplanting-Date, Fertilization and Variety in Yunnan

烤烟产质量是生态环境、栽培技术和遗传因素共同作用的结果,移栽期、施肥、品种分别是这三种因素的关键调控措施,为明确不同调控措施对烤烟的作用,协同优化烤烟管理措施,在云南玉溪的峨山和华宁县,采用移栽期、施肥、品种三因素正交试验,研究生态、栽培、遗传三因素综合作用下,移栽期、施肥、品种对烤烟产质量的影响。结果显示,在基于生态、栽培、品种协同调控下,移栽期对烤烟的影响最大,其对感官质量、产量、产值贡献率分别为46.80%、64.75%、78.10%,提前移栽和常规移栽烤烟产质量显著高于延迟移栽;施肥对烤烟的影响次之,其对感官质量、产量、产值贡献率分别为34.95%、20.15%、12.60%,综合考虑烟叶品质、产值及成本,75kg N/hm^2优于90、105kg N/hm^2;在移栽期、施肥共同作用下,烤烟品种K326、云烟87、NC71、红大的产质量差异不显著,品种对感官质量、产量、产值贡献率分别为18.25%、15.10%、9.30%。综合而言,确定合理的移栽期是生产优质烟叶的先决条件,施肥是调控烟叶产量和质量的核心技术问题,因此在保证烤烟正常生长的条件下,移栽宜早不宜迟,氮肥施用量宜低不宜高。云南烤烟以4月中下旬移栽、辅以75kg/hm^2施氮量情况下种植K326最优。

The yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco are combined effect resulting from the ecological environment, cultivation technology and genetic factors. The transplanting-date, fertilization and variety are the key control measures of the three factors. In this paper, the orthogonal experiment of three factors, including transplanting-date, fertilization and variety, was used. Under the cooperative action of ecology, cultivation and inheritance, the effects of transplanting date, fertilization and variety on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied, which determined the effect of different control measures on flue-cured tobacco. The findings suggested that the influence of transplanting-date on flue-cured tobacco was the largest, which contributed 46.80%, 64.75% and 78.10% to smoking quality, yield and output value, respectively. Effect of fertilization on flue-cured tobacco was the second. The contribution rate of fertilization on smoking quality, yield and output value were 34.95%, 20.15% and 12.60% respectively. Comprehensive consideration of tobacco quality, production value and cost, 75kgN/hm^2 was better than 90kgN/hm^2 and 105kgN/hm^2. Under the joint function of transplanting-date and fertilization, yield and quality, there was not significant difference among K326, Yunyan87, NC71 and Hongda. Variety contribution rate was 18.25%, 15.10% and 9.30% to smoking quality, yield and output value, respectively. In general, to determine the reasonable transplanting-date is prerequisites for the production of high quality of tobacco. Fertilization is the core technical problem at the regulation on yield and quality of tobacco leaves. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the normal growth of the flue-cured tobacco, transplanting-date should be sooner rather than later, nitrogen fertilizer should be lower. It was optimized for flue-cured tobacco to transplant in mid to late April with K326 and 75kgN/hm^2.