湖北省国家级水产种质资源保护区建设进展

Construction and Development of National Aquatic Germplasm Reserves in Hubei Province

水产种质资源是水生生物资源的重要组成部分和渔业发展的物质基础,划定保护区是保护和合理利用水产种质资源的重要措施之一。2007-2014年湖北省已分8批划定了国家级水产种质资源保护区62处。总结了国家级水产种质资源保护区的水域类型、主要保护对象及区域分布特点,分析了目前水产种质资源保护区划定和建设管理中存在的一些问题,提出了促进保护区建设和保护工作的几点建议。

Aquatic germplasm resources are important for conserving biodiversity and supplying material for fishery development. Establishing reserves is one of the major efforts to strengthen conservation and make rational use of aquatic germplasm resources. From 2007 to 2014,62 national aquatic germplasm reserves were established in Hubei province. In this paper,the water type,main species protected and geographical distribution of the aquatic germ plasm reserves are analyzed,the major problems in setting up aquatic germplasm resources are discussed and recommendations are made for future construction and management of aquatic germplasm reserves. The 62 national aquatic germplasm reserves consist of 31 lake reserves（ 94 123 hm2）,18 river reserves（ 66 229 hm2） and 13 reservoir reserves（ 41 634 hm2）. The lake reserves are located primarily in Jingzhou,Xiaogan and Huanggang; river reserves primarily in Xiaogan,Shiyan and Yichang,and reservoir reserves primarily in Shiyan,Huanggang and Suizhou. A total of 75 protected aquatic species are listed in the 62 national aquatic germplasm reserves： 55 fish,2 crustaceans,5 mollusks,2 amphibians,2 reptiles and 9 plants. The following general problems occurred during the construction and management of the reserves： 1） lack of development planning,such as the same protected species listed in several reserves; 2） lack of funds to support reserve management; 3） lack of systematic investigation of water environment and biological resources that restricts reserve development; 4） the conflict between resource usage and resource conservation. Based on the challenges listed above,we suggest the following： 1） develop a comprehensive plan for aquatic germplasm reserve construction in Hubei Province; 2） ensure funding for the construction of reserves,especially for reserves with abundant resources and rare or endangered species; 3） strengthen the management of the aquatic germplasm reserves by declaring the need to consider the geographical distribution of the protected species and assessing the suitability of reserves based on a systematic investigation of the water environment and aquatic biological resources,that includes habitat needs for the entire life history of protected species.