台湾志愿服务的实践与启示:志愿失灵的视角

Voluntary Development of Taiwan Region of China and Its Enlightenment:From the View of Voluntary Failure Theory

从"志愿失灵"的理论视角考察我国台湾地区的志愿服务发展现状可以发现,历史经验下的慈善资源定位、宗教情怀下的慈善理念反转规避了慈善匮乏的困境;慈善组织的综合体倾向、分工化趋势和慈善服务模式的创新避免了慈善的特殊主义;董事会制度、志愿组织组织领袖的个体自律及成员的自组织化趋势规避了慈善的家长制作风;志愿者的理性选择及相对完善的制度安排突破了慈善业余主义的窠臼。尽管台湾地区志愿服务仍存在组织间资源分配失衡、慈善综合体的可持续发展不确定等短板,但其志愿服务实践为我国大陆地区规避"志愿失灵"提供了借鉴。

This paper attempts to analyze voluntary development in Taiwan Region of China from the perspective of volunta- ry failure theory. Study reveals that voluntary insufficiency is partly avoided because of new positioning of voluntary as comparative advantage and religious belief regarding sacrifice as acquisition. Meantime, voluntary service is not limited in special people because of new development of voluntary organizations as synthesis, tendency of division of labor and innovation of voluntary service pattern. Thirdly, building of board system, self - discipline of the organization＇ s leader and self - organization of the members help to avoid the patriarchal style of voluntary organizations. Lastly, volunteers＇ reason in choosing voluntary programs and comparatively mature system solves the problem of amateur of voluntary service. Although there are still shortcomings such as development out -of- balance between different voluntary organizations, and uncertainty of sustainable development of voluntary synthesis, the development of voluntary service in Taiwan region provides enlightenment for Chinese mainland.