欺诈和错误理论在劳动合同领域的具体适用问题研究——以劳动合同订立时女职工隐瞒怀孕事实为例

On the Executive of the Theory of Fraud and Mistake in Labor Contract Law: For Example, Female Workers Concealed Pregnant During Making Labor Contract

判断劳动合同订立时女职工隐瞒怀孕事实是否构成欺诈,需要从欺诈的构成要件出发,展开层层推进的由客观到主观的逻辑推演式的论证分析。女职工一般没有主动告知怀孕事实的义务,其消极隐瞒怀孕事实的沉默,不构成欺诈。怀孕一般不属于女职工的重要性质,用人单位对女职工怀孕状况的错误认识,不构成重要的性质错误。女职工对怀孕事实的虚假陈述一般不具有违法性,不构成欺诈。欺诈和错误的认定,首先需要针对其涉及的特殊法律关系进行分析,在劳动合同领域的适用尤其如此。民法理论只有结合具体的部门法、结合案件的特殊事实,才能获得回应社会生活发展的生命力和想象力。与此同时,劳动法实践和理论的发展为民法理论变革与演进提供了鲜活的社会素材和动力。

Only based on the constitutive elements of fraud and logical deduction which is from objective to subjective, the problem concerned female workers concealed pregnant in the make of labor contract or not can be answered. Generally speaking the female employee have no duty to disclose her pregnant, so the conceal is not fraud. Obviously pregnant is not the key attribute of female workers, so the employer＇ s mistake about it is not the important mistake. Moreover the conceal of female workers is lawful and does not constitute fraud. The judge of fraud and mistake especially in the labor contract should firstly base on the particular legal relationship. Civil theory only with which combine specific department law can gain the life and imagination, meanwhile the development of labor law provide the social material and impulse for civil law.