基于双重价值目标约束的学术共同体规范的形态与结构

Form and structure of the academic community norm based on the constraint of dual value goal

随着默顿时代的"科学活动"向具有大科学、多目标和社会化特征的现代"学术活动"演化,一个包含但不限于默顿科学规范的学术共同体规范系统正在形成。而默顿学派的科学规范理论,由于伦理认知框架的局限使其对现代学术共同体规范系统缺乏基本解释力,而突破默顿框架的理论研究尚未见于公开文献。鉴此,该文以规范的契约本质为新的认知视角,以学术共同体规范的系统考察为依据,以现代学术活动的科学价值和社会价值目标为约束条件,通过逐层解析现代学术活动中"契约"的参与主体、博弈目标、产生机制、协调关系、功能差异和系统演化,最终揭示了现代学术共同体规范系统的层级、功能和主体三维形态和结构,以及随学术活动发展和环境变迁而保持内在逻辑一致的进化规律。

With the evolution of ＂ scientific activities＂ in Merton Era to the modern ＂ academic activities＂ which has the characteristics of great science, multi objectives and social characteristics, a scientific community norm system including but not limited to Merton＇ s scientific norms is being formed. However, the theory of science norms of Merton School of thought, due to limitations of the cognitive framework of ethics to the modern academic community norm system, still lacks basic explanatory power. The theoretical study breaking Merton＇ s theoretical framework also has not been found in the open literature. In view of this and based on the new cognitive perspective of the contractual nature of the norm, the systematic observation of the academic community norm, the constraint of the value goals of science and society of modern academic activities, through analysis of participator, game playing goal, generation mechanism, coordination relationship, functional differences and system evolution of the ＂contract＂ in the modern academic action, this study reveals that academic community norms is a system which takes the value goals of science and society of modern academic action as the highest standards, statically with three basic forms and structures - hierarchy, function and subject and dynamically with evolutionary orderliness with the development of academic action and environmental changes while maintaining consistency of internal logic of the system.