肾移植受者围手术期感染的危险因素分析

Analysis on the incidence and risk factors of infections in renal transplant patients during the perioperative period

目的分析肾移植受者围手术期感染的发生率、主要病原菌以及感染的危险因素。方法将2014年1月至2015年12月进行肾移植术治疗的184例患者作为研究对象,对围手术期感染发生率、类型和危险因素进行回顾性分析。结果肾移植受者围手术期感染发生率为18.48%(34例)。34例中最常见的感染为泌尿系感染21例(61.76%),病原体主要为细菌24例(70.59%)。单因素分析显示,影响肾移植术后围手术期感染的主要因素为糖尿病、急性排斥、移植肾功能延迟性恢复、术前血透时间、术后血药浓度、尿量和肌酸酐。结论肾移植术后围手术期感染的发生率较高,需引起重视,应针对危险因素采取有效措施,降低感染发生率。

Objective To explore the infection rate, main pathogens and risk factors in renal transplant patients during the perioperative peri- od so as to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A re- trospective analysis was carried out in 184 patients who received renal transplantation from January 2014 to December 2015 in our hospital. The incidence, types and the risk factors of infective complications during the perioperative period were analyzed. Results The infection rate during the perioperative period was 18.48% （34 cases）, the main infections were urinary tract infections （21 cases, 61.76% ） ; the main pathogens were the bacteria （24 cases,70. 59% ）. The univariate analysis indicated that the diabetes, acute rejection, delayed graft function, preoperative hemodialysis time, postoperative plasma concentration, urine output and creatinine were the main causes of perioperative infections after renal transplantation. Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial infection of kidney transplant recipients was high during the perioperative period, which should be highly considered with further effective prevention mea- sures, so as to reduce nosocomial infection.