湖南输电线路鸟害故障特征分析及防范措施

Characteristics Analysis and Prevention Countermeasures of Bird-caused Damages for Overhead Transmission Lines in Hunan Power Grid

为研究湖南电网鸟害故障特征并针对性地提出防范措施,对湖南电网鸟类活动情况进行观察统计,发现湖南省的鸟类有463种,其中易引起电网涉鸟故障的鸟类主要有13种。对2006—2016年湖南架空输电线路鸟害故障进行统计分析,发现湖南电网涉鸟故障点在湖南省呈倒V形分布,这与湖南鸟类迁徙路径及电网鸟巢分布基本相符;故障点多在水源附近,发生在2:00—8:00间的鸟害故障占鸟害总次数的67.60%,发生在每年10月份至次年1月份的鸟害故障占鸟害总数的64.79%;故障类型以鸟粪类为主,占比85.92%;中相发生涉鸟故障的概率远高于两边相,约为后者2倍;鸟害故障主要集中在110和220 k V输电线路,且V型串和悬垂I串发生鸟害故障的概率相对较高;湖南电网涉鸟故障与绝缘子类型的关系不大。对湖南电网防鸟装置应用情况进行了统计和评估。提出了开展鸟类活动观测、绘制鸟害风险分布图、开展鸟害评估并采取治理措施、将防鸟害纳入新建线路可研评审的建议。

In order to study the characteristics of bird-caused damage in Hunan Power Grid and put forward precautionary measures, we statistically observed bird activities in Hunan Power Grid. According to the statistics, we found that there were 463 kinds of birds in Hunan Province, among which 13 species were found to be involved in the bird-caused damage of transmission line in Hunan. Based on the statistical analysis of bird-caused damage in overhead transmission lines in Hunan Province from 2＇006 to 2016, it is found that the fault points of Hunan Power Grid are in inverted V shape in Hu- nan Province, which meets the distribution of the bird＇s nest on the transmission lines tower. The bird-caused damage points are mostly nearby the source of water, and the occurrence of bird damage between 2： 00-8：00 accounts for 67.60% of the total number of birds, the occurrence of bird damage in October to January of the following year accounts for 64.79% of the total number of bird victims, the type of fault is guano （85.92%）. The mid phrase of insulator strings more easily leads to bird-caused damages than the tow side phrase, and the former ratio is about two times the latter. The bird-caused damages are mainly concentrated on the 110 kV and 220 kV transmission lines, and the highest probability is the suspension sting of V type and I type. The bird-caused damages have little relationship with the material of insulators in Hunan Power Grid. The applications of the anti-bird devices in Hunan Power Grid are introduced and evaluated. The suggestions, such as to observe the bird behavior, to draw the risk distribution diagram of the bird-caused damages, to evaluate the bird-caused damages of the transmission lines, to take the proper anti-bird measures, and to bring the an- ti-bird-caused damages into the pre-feasibility study of the new transmission lines＇ planning, are also proposed.