桂东南传统客家民居形成和发展的历史考察

Inspection About the Formation and Development of Traditional Hakka Houses History in Southeast Guangxi

通过相关文献的梳理和实物考察以及同移民历史进行比较,可以把桂东南客家民居的形成和发展过程概括为混沌、初现、稳定、变迁和衰落五个时期,从而为桂东南客家民居的深入研究奠定了一个时空基础。其中,比较常见的堂横屋可能在宋代就已经在桂东南出现,而典型的围龙屋、围楼、围村等则可能在明中后期以后才陆续出现,目前所见的实物,大多建造于清中期至民国末年,期间受西化等因素的影响,部分客家民居之中出现局部的改变,而在解放之后则逐渐走向衰落。

Through the combing of literature, field inspection and comparing with the migration history, we can summarize the formation and development of Hakka Houses in Southeast Guangxi into five stages as unconscious, aboriginal, thriving, transitional and declining, which laid the foundation for the further study of Hakka Houses in Southeast Guangxi. Among them, the Tong House, a common feature in Hakka constructions, might as well have occured in Southeast Guangxi in the Song Dynasty. Other typical features like round-dragon house, enclosed house, walled village and more might have emerged after the middle and later of Ming Dynasty.The existing objects which we can see today were mostly built in a period from the Mid Qing dynasty to the last years of the Republic of China, and during this time some minor modifications took place in some of these Hakka residences. These features are gradually declining after the liberation of the nation.