民法依据的独特性——兼论民法与宪法的关系

Study on the Specialty and Independency of the Basis of Civil Code: the Discussion on the Relation between Constitution and Civil Code

2007年《物权法》制定以来,民法制定依据问题成为我国民法学界一个关注点。民法独立性问题受到来自我国法理学界和宪法学界非同寻常的挑战,这个挑战不是以一般性的挑战方式提出来的,而是以"民法是否应当根据宪法而制定"的特殊方式提出来的。但是,民法在制定依据上依旧有自己的规律,不能简单地由宪法作为根据来终结或限定。这里,至少有三个方面的原因:一是民法始终具有的独立性本质,决定了民法依据的特殊性和独立性;二是民法的依据问题,在历史上已经展示了特殊轨迹和独立内涵,具有自发性、宽泛性和丰富多元的特点;三是宪法虽然在近现代出场之后地位显得重要,但是从规范功能上来说它有着自己独特的任务,不曾也不必要将自己设计为民法依据。

Since the enactment of the Property Law in 2007,the basis of the enactment of Civil Law has become a research hotspot in China. The individuality of Civil Law has been receiving unusual challenges from the scholars of legal theory and constitution. in a special way claiming that ' the Civil Law should be enacted in accordance with the Constitutional Law'. Today the enactment of Civil Law has its own doctrines and cannot be simply restricted within the rules provided by the Constitution. There are at least three reasons that can explain this. Civil Law has its own special nature,resulting in the specialty of its basis. The second reason is that history has shown the special track of the basis of Civil Law. The third reason is that although the Constitution plays an important role in modern society,it has its special task in regulating the society and does not need to be designed as the basis of Civil Law.