论代孕子女监护权的归属——以法规出发型诉讼为视角

The Attribution of Guardianship for Surrogate Children——From the Perspective of the "Action from Norm" Litigation

代孕引发的监护权纠纷,揭示了法律的安定性结构和正义之间的冲突,但正义必须以法规作为基础,也应符合法律规范。以诉讼的出发点的不同可将诉讼划分为法规出发型和事实出发型,大陆法系的诉讼属于前者,英关法系的诉讼属于后一类型。我国法律制度无疑为大陆法系的成文法法律制度,因此,诉讼的出发点只能是现行法的有效规范。在解决因代孕引发的监护权纠纷时,不得以道德的、个人或阶层的正义观念替代法律规定,必须依照法律的规定予以裁决。就本文案例而言,依照儿童利益最大化原则的法律规定予以裁决,可既不破坏法律的安定性,也可以实现个案的正义。

Guardianship dispute raised by surrogacy reveals conflict between stability structure of law and justice. But justice must be based on laws and regulations and it should accord with legal norm. According to the different starting point of litigation, there are the law-driven stand and the fact-driven stand. And the litigation of civil law system belongs to the former and the common law system belongs to the latter. There is no doubt that legal system in our country is the statute law system of the civil law system;therefore, the starting point of litigation is only on the basis of current laws and regulations. The solution of the custody disputes raised by surrogacy should not be based on the idea of ethics, or individual or hierarchical justice but on the legal rule. It is necessary to adjudicate according to the laws. Cases in this paper, with the requirements of maximizing the interests of children, can be solved without breaking the law stability, and by achieving individual justice.