陕西发现佛教供奉塔、造像塔和画像砖塔述要

A Summarization of the Buddhist Sacrificial Pagodas,Stone Carving Pagodas and Brick Pagodas with Impressed Images Found in Shaanxi

塔的梵文(Stupa)本义是坟冢的意思,融入中国传统建筑后成为供奉佛的特定场所。为了表示对佛的虔诚和信仰,并妥为供奉和保护佛舍利,信徒们造出了各种类型、不同质地的塔。它们从大类上可分为:建于室外的不可移动的塔和置于室内或雕凿于壁面的小型佛塔两种。迄今为止,学界有关著述大都偏重于前者而鲜少谈及后者。本文谨将后者定义为室内"佛教供奉塔、造像塔和画像砖塔"系列,就所掌握的资料按年代序列,择要叙述,以期弥补这一方面研究之遗阙。

The original meaning of pagoda in Sanskrit （stupa） is tomb or barrow; when it was absorbed by the Chinese architectural system, it became the specific location for worshipping and sacrificing the Buddha. To express the piousness and faith to the Buddha, the Buddhist followers built and made pagodas of various materials and types, which could be classified generally into two categories： the unmovable pagodas built in the open air and small portable pagodas set indoors or carved on the walls. To date, most of the researches on the pagodas are focused on the former but rarely mention the latter. This paper defined the latter as ＂the indoor series of Buddhist sacrificial pagodas, stone carving pagodas and brick pagodas with impressed images＂ and chose some typical ones from the available data to analyze in chronological sequence in order to fill the gap of the researches on this issue.