性别、年龄和人格特质对风险驾驶行为的影响

The effects of gender,age and personality traits on risky driving behaviors

通过对200位汽车驾驶者进行问卷调查,研究驾驶员的性别、年龄和人格特质对风险驾驶行为的影响.人格特质和驾驶行为分别通过简版艾森克人格问卷和曼彻斯特驾驶行为问卷测量.对驾驶行为数据进行探索性因子分析,得到4个驾驶行为因子,分别为无经验错误与违法、疏忽失误、情绪性违法和风险违法行为.方差分析结果显示,年龄对风险驾驶行为没有显著影响;除女性比男性更倾向于发生疏忽行为外,男女之间驾驶行为差异不大.精神质、神经质与风险驾驶行为之间体现出显著性正相关关系,掩饰性性格与风险驾驶行为存在显著性负相关关系,外向型性格与风险驾驶行为无显著性关系.

Drivers＇ individual factors,such as gender,age and personality traits are likely to be correlated with driving behaviors. This study aims to examine the effects of gender,age and personality traits on risky driving behaviors by a survey of 200 drivers. Personality traits and risky driving behaviors are measured by using the simple version Eysenck personality questionnaire（ EPQ） and Manchester driving behaviors questionnaire（ DBQ）. The exploratory factor analysis leads to a four-factor structure for driving behaviors,which includes general error and violation,lapse,emotional violation,and risky violation. The results show that age yields no effects on risky driving behaviors.Gender has little impact on risky driving behaviors either,except that females have more lapses while driving than males. Psychosis and neuroticism are positively correlated with risky driving behaviors. The tendency to lie yields a negative correlation with risky driving behaviors,while extraversion shows no relationship with risky driving behaviors. The findings provide important implications on the screening and training of drivers.