极权路上的陷阱:商鞅学派学说的演变与误区

The Trap of Totalitarianism:On the Evolution and Mistakes of the Ideology of Shang Yang and His School

商鞅学派学说有一个演变的过程,其前后存在一定差异。商鞅的学说由变法宗旨、绝对君主制和鼓励农耕之法等部分构成。在此基础上,商鞅后学提出变易史观进一步论证了变法的必要性,同时,他们修正了法的价值追求,强化了绝对君主政体的极权性,并将农耕与战争联系在一起。商鞅学派的学说促进了一套极权主义统治体系和治理方法的形成。这个可以吞噬一切的巨大"黑洞",损害了人的许多基本需要,造成了大量的人道主义灾难。由于商鞅学派理论中的诸多误区,他们促成的统治体系的寿命终究是短暂的,并且其中绝大多数内容是我们今天在审视传统政治文化时必须要摒弃的东西。

The ideology of Shang Yang and his school has an evolutionary process,and there exists some discrepancy in different times.This ideology is made up of the tenet of Shang Yang＇s reform,the absolute monarchy,the encouragement of farming,and so forth.On this basis,the later school concerning Shang Yang＇s ideology puts forth a history view of transformation to further demonstrates the necessity of reform;simultaneously,they revise the values of the reform,strengthen the totalitarianism of the absolute monarchy,and connect farming with the war.The ideology of Shang Yang and his school promotes the formation of a totalitarian ruling system and governance method.This huge ＂black hole＂,having the power of devouring everything, damages human＇s fundamental requirements and causes many humanitarian disasters.Due to the many mistakes in the ideology of Shang Yang and his school,the ruling system promoted by it is transient after all,and the majority of the ideology needs to be abandoned during our examination of the traditional political culture.