辽东次生林木腐菌的物种多样性及其分布特征

Diversity and distribution character of wood-rotting fungi in the secondary forest ecosystem of Liaodong areas,Northeast China

2013年7—9月,以清原林场、老秃顶子国家级自然保护区和宽甸白石砬子自然保护区为研究区域,对辽东次生林中木腐菌的物种多样性及其分布特征进行了研究.经过野外调查,共采集和记录木腐菌1062份,经鉴定为92种,隶属于48个属;其中白石砬子国家级自然保护区木腐真菌物种最丰富,Shannon多样性指数为4.04.从物种的地理成分来看,辽东地区的木腐菌以世界性广布和北温带分布为主,具有明显的北温带特征.白腐真菌是该地区倒木的主要分解者;该地区的木腐菌主要生长在腐烂等级为2、3的倒木上,主要优势寄主为槭属倒木,有243份真菌采集于槭属倒木,占总数的23.2%.

During July to September of 2013, field investigations and specimen collections on woodrotting fungi were carried from three sites in the secondary forests （Qingyuan forest farm, Laotudingzi National Nature Reserve and Baishilaizi Nature Reserve） of eastern Liaoning Province. A total of 1062 specimens were collected and recorded, and 92 species were identified, belonging to 48 genera. Among the three studying sites, Baishilaizi Nature Reserve had the most abundant polypore species and the Shannon diversity index was 4.04. The species biogeography of eastern Liaoning could be divided into 4 groups at genus level. The main elements were North temperate element and cosmopolitan element, and floristic analysis showed a distinct north temperate character. White rot species were the dominant decomposers here. Most species distributed in the fallen wood with decay stages 2 and 3. The wood dominant hosts of woodrotting fungi were the Acer genus in the secondary forests of eastern Liaoning Province, and 243 specimens were collected from maples, occupying 23.2% of the total.