蘑菇渣堆肥对华北落叶松移植容器苗生长和营养积累的影响

Effects of mushroom residue compost on growth and nutrient accumulation of Larix principis-rupprechtii containerized transplants

为缓解草炭大量使用带来的环境问题,在华北落叶松容器育苗过程中添加蘑菇渣堆肥以替代草炭,添加蘑菇渣堆肥体积比例分别为0%(T_0)、15%(T_1)、18.75%(T_2)、25%(T_3)、37.50%(T_4)、50%(T_5)、56.25%(T_6)、60%(T_7),研究不同配比下基质的理化性质以及对华北落叶松1年生移植容器苗生长和营养积累的影响.结果表明:当蘑菇渣堆肥替代草炭的比例≤50%时,苗木苗高、地径和生物量与常用草炭处理无显著差异,且处理T_2、T_4、T_5苗木体内养分浓度显著高于对照,基质p H值处于微酸性或中性范围,适宜苗木生长;当蘑菇渣添加比例>50%时,基质p H值偏碱性,苗木生长受到不利影响,苗木质量下降.当蘑菇渣添加比例为15%时,苗木质量最好,苗高、地径和单株生物量达到最大.因此,蘑菇渣替代草炭培育华北落叶松移植容器苗是完全可行的,替代比例最高可达到50%,当添加比例为15%时,可培育出高质量的苗木.

Excessive use of peat may cause some environmental problems. To alleviate the negative effect, an experiment was conducted with the mushroom residue compost to replace peat in Larix principisrupprechtii containerized transplant production, and the proportion of mushroom residue compost was 0% （T0, control）, 15% （T1）, 18.75% （T2）, 25% （T3）, 37.50% （T4）, 50% （T5）, 56.25% （T6） and 60% （T7）, respectively. The physical and chemical features of the substrates and its effect on the vegetative growth and nutrient accumulation of L. principisrupprechtii containerized transplants were studied. The results showed when the proportion of mushroom residue compost in the substrate accounted for 50% or less, there was no significant difference in the transplant height, diameter, and biomass compared with the control, and the nutrient concentration in T2, T4, T5 treatments was significantly higher than in T0. The pH value was subacidic to neutral which was suitable to the transplant growth. When the compost proportion accounted for more than 50%, the pH value was altered to alkali and was not suitable to the transplant growth. When the proportion of mushroom residue compost accounted for 15%, the plant grew best, and the height, diameter, and total biomass got the highest. Therefore, using mushroom residue compost to replace peat in L. principisrupprechtii containerized transplants cultivation was feasible and the maximum replacement ratio could reach 50%. The high quality transplants could be obtained when the compost replacement ratio was 15%.