由汉语、塔吉克语“是”字句异同看强调句构成的语言类型

On the Linguistic Type of Emphatic Sentences——Based on the Contrast of Shi-Sentences in Chinese and Tajik

塔吉克语系词budan具有汉语"是"判断等同或属种关系,表示存在的功能。但塔吉克语特殊的语序类型未能提供系词budan发展出强调标记功能的条件。塔吉克语使用前置相关成分的手段构成强调句,前置和加用标记词是人类语言能起到凸显强调作用的有效句法手段,不同语言因自身结构系统选择不同的手段。

Like the word shi in Chinese, the link verb budan in Tajik has the functions of indicating existence, connecting equivalents,or showing the subordinating relationship between elements, yet it fails to function as an emphatic marker because in Tajik, the special word order of preposing relevant elements is used to achieve emphasis. Both preposing and marker adding are effective syntactic means to highlight emphasis, and different languages may choose different ways to indicate emphasis, which shows language＇s universality in its producing emphatic sentences.