植物叶绿体谷胱甘肽还原酶的功能研究进展

Research progress on functions of glutathione reductase in chloroplasts of plants

活性氧(ROS)是植物体内的代谢产物,胁迫会加剧ROS的产生,其过量积累导致细胞活力降低乃至死亡。抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(As A-GSH)循环是植物体内清除ROS的重要途径。谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)是这一途径中的关键酶,催化氧化态的谷胱甘肽(GSSG)还原生成还原态的谷胱甘肽(GSH),维持植物体内的GSH含量和GSH库的氧化还原状态,并清除ROS。本文结合近些年来GR的分子遗传学研究进展,主要对GR蛋白结构及特性、植物体中的GR编码基因和GR蛋白的亚细胞分布、叶绿体GR与抗逆性、叶绿体GR与生长发育等进行综述,并对今后植物中叶绿体GR的相关研究提出展望。

For higher plants, various reactive oxygen species （ROS） are inevitable byproducts of many process- es even under normal growth conditions. Stresses induce the overproduction of ROS which are highly reactive and toxic and must be minimized to protect the cell from oxidative damage. The ascorbate-glutathione （AsA- GSH） cycle is an important pathway for scavenging ROS. Glutathione reductase （GR） is one of the key en- zymes in this cycle. GR catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide （GSSG） to reduced glutathione （GSH）, which plays a significant role in maintaining the GSH level and redox state, and protecting cells against ROS. Considering recent information gained through molecular-genetic studies, this review presents an overview of the GR structure, properties, encoding genes and subcellular localization, discusses chloroplastic GR signifi- cance in stress defense and plant development, and also points out unexplored aspects in the current context for future studies.