出口的技术反推机制存在吗——来自中国的证据

Does Export's Technical Backstepping Mechanism Exist——Evidence from China

大量文献研究了技术对出口的作用,而研究出口对技术作用的文献稀缺,本文针对出口的技术反推机制,探究出口反过来对出口企业技术的作用情况。首先进行理论梳理,出口的技术反推机制可能存在也可能不存在。其次使用中国工业企业统计数据进行实证检验,发现总样本以及国有、集体、独立法人、私人所有和外商企业出口对技术创新的作用存在着完整的倒U型关系,表明它们的出口在达到阀值之前存在着显著的技术反推机制,超过阀值之后则减弱技术创新;但港澳台企业出口的技术反推机制始终不存在。本文还进一步估算了总样本、国有、集体、独立法人、私人所有和外商企业的出口比重阀值,分别为35.54%、44.68%、45.74%、45.92%、44.54%和34.31%。目前国有、集体、独立法人和私人所有企业的平均出口比重大幅度低于各自的阀值,它们的出口能显著地推动技术创新。

This paper studys export＇s technical backstepping mechanism to explore how the export in return affects the technology of export enterprise. First of all, the theoretical analysis reveals that the export＇s technical backstepping mechanism may or may not exists. Secondly, this paper uses the statistical data of Chinese industrial enterprises to carry on the empirical test and finds that there is a complete inverted-U relationship between export and technological innovation in the total sample, state owned, collective, independent legal person, private that the export＇s technical backstepping mechanism and foreign enterprises respectively, which indicates exists before it reaches the threshold, and that the export＇s technical backstepping mechanism does not always exist for Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enterprises. This paper further estimates threshold of export proportion for the enterprises as a whole, state-owned, collective, independent legal person, private and foreign enterprises, which is 35.54%, 44.68%, 45.74%, 45.92%, 44.54% and 34.31%, respectively. At present, the average export proportion of some Chinese enterprises is still substantially below their respective threshold, so their exports can significantly promote the technological innovation.