开放数据的内涵认知及其理论基础探析

Research on the Connotation and Theoretical Foundation of Open Data

我国各类数据公开力度与国际水平相比存在明显差距,开放数据现状与数据需求之间的供求关系也表现出非平衡性。近年来,数据中心联盟(DCA)、开放数据中心委员会(ODCC)等的相继成立,以及《促进大数据发展行动纲要》等相关政策的颁布,表明了我国加入全球开放数据运动的积极态度。本文从开放数据的定义、类型以及其与大数据、开放源代码、开放获取、信息公开等概念的辨析入手,深入分析开放数据的内涵,并对知情权理论、数据权理论和数据价值理论等开放数据的理论基础进行探究,试图丰富我国开放数据的理论研究体系。

Comparing with the international level, there is a significant gap of our country on the issue of open data and the relationship between the supply and demand of the open data. The establishment of the Data Center Alliance（DCA）, Open Data Center Committee（ODCC） and the issue of related policy shows the positive attitude of China＇s accession to the global open data movement. This article analyzes the concepts and types of open data as well as the difference among open data and big data, open source code, open access, open information, etc. Meanwhile, it explores the theoretical basis of open data such as the right to know, the right to data and the value of data to enrich the theoretical research system of open data in China.