中国与周边独联体国家医疗卫生状况的比较

The Comparisons on health care situations between China and neighboring Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS)

[目的]了解中国和周边独联体国家医疗卫生现状,为中国新疆在丝绸之路经济带建设中,充分发挥区域性医疗服务中心的作用,与周边国家开展医疗卫生合作交流提供参考。[方法]运用文献查阅法和比较法,通过中国与周边独联体国家卫生总支出占国内生产总值的比例、期望寿命值、儿童死亡率、孕产妇死亡率、每万人拥有医师、护士和助产士、病床数等指标,比较各国医疗卫生保障制度、卫生费用、国民健康水平及卫生资源情况。[结果]12013年中国、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦人均国民收入分别为11850美元、23200美元、20570美元、3070美元和2500美元。22012年中国、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦卫生总费用占GDP的比重和人均卫生总费用分别为5.4%、322美元,6.5%、913美元,4.3%、539美元,7.0%、84美元,6.4%、61美元。32013年中国、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦出生人口期望寿命分别为75岁、69岁、68岁、69岁和69岁;每万人口医师数、护士数分别为14.9人、16.6人,43.1人、85.2人,35.8人、82.5人,19.6人、61.2人,19.0人、44.8人。[结论]1中国卫生费用支出表现为政府支出比重相对较高,人均卫生费用和人均政府卫生支出低于俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦。2中国的医疗卫生保障制度有其优越性,但俄罗斯等独联体国家医疗保障制度也有可以借鉴之处。3中国的期望寿命较高,结核病发病率较低,其他各项健康指标多排在俄罗斯之后,在其他独联体国家之前。4俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦拥有较为丰富的卫生资源,中国卫生资源总量较大,人均占有量偏低。

Objective To know current health care situations between China and Neighboring Commonwealth of Independent States so as to pro- vide the references for carrying out health care cooperation with CIS, and giving full play to regional medical services centers in construction of Silk Road economic belt. Methods Used literature and comparisons Methods, through ratio of health total expenditure up GDP, life expectan- cy, child mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, the indices of having doctors, nurses, midwifes per 10000 people and beds, compare the health care security system, health care expenditure, national health level and health resource between China and CIS. Results （ 1 ） In 2013, the national income per capital in China was $1 1, 850, $ 23,200 in Russia, $ 20, 570 in Kazakhstan, $ 3, 070 in Kyrgyzstan and $ 2, 500 in Tajikistan. （2） In 2012, the proportion of health total expenditure up GDP and health total expenditure per capital was 5.4% or $ 322 in China, 6.5% or $913 in Russia, 4.3% or $539 in Kazakhstan, 7.0% or $84 in Kyrgyzstan and 6.4% or $61 in Tajikistan. （3） In 2013, life expectancy of newly - born population in China was 75 years old, 69 in Russia, 68 in Kazakhstan, 69 in Kyrgyzstan and 69 in Tajikistan. The number of physicians and nurses for patients per 10, 000 people in China was 14.9 and 16. 6 respectively, 43.1 and 85.2 in Russia, 35. 8 and 82.5 in Kazakhstan, 19. 6 and 61.2 in Kyrgyzstan and 19.0 and 44. 8 in Tajikistan. Conclusions （ 1 ） The proportion of governmental expenditure, China was higher. Health expenditure per capita and governmental expenditure per capita were lower than that in Russian and Kazakhstan. （2） The health care security system had superiority in China, but we still may use the reference from Russia and other CIS. （3） Life expectancy was higher in China. Tuberculosis occurrence was lower, and other health indices were behind Russia, but rank before the rest of CIS though. （4） Russia and Kazakhstan had comparatively rich health care resources. Total number of health care resources in China was larger, but occupancy volume per capita was lower.