浅埋开采工作面水沙溃涌灾害预测及防治对策

Disaster prediction and prevention countermeasures of water-sand inrush in shallow mining face

将水沙溃涌作为渗透破坏的一种形式,将被导水裂缝贯穿的潜水含水层转换成圆形截面,运用完整井理论建立了覆岩破坏涌水裂隙通道的水力坡度表达式,并由Kusaki公式计算得出了影响半径,利用Zamarin式求解求得水力坡度的临界值,同时结合覆岩顶板实际破断情况,将"悬臂"岩梁分为不回转(θ=0°)和回转(θ≠0°)2种情况分别给出了是否发生水沙溃涌的判别式,进而为导水裂隙带(网络性)影响范围内的含水砂岩层疏干降排提供了科学的参考依据和理论基础;另外,针对冒落性裂缝带、网络性裂缝带所引发的水沙溃涌灾害的特征和类型,提出了相应的配套防治对策,确保了开采工作面不发生灾难性水沙溃涌威胁。

As a form of infiltration failure,the water-sand inrush would be transferred into circular cross section by the unconfined aquifer that is run through by water flowing fracture. The author established the water hydraulic gradient expression of overburden failure water fissure channel by using the theory of complete well,and calculated the influence radius by the Kusaki formula,and determined the critical value of hydraulic gradient using the Zamarin formula. Combined the practical breakage situation of overburden roof at the same time, ＂ cantilever＂ rock beam was divided into two situations of no-rotation（ θ= 0 °） and rotation（ θ ≠ 0 °）,and the discriminant was given for whether occurring of the water-sand inrush hazards. Then the author provided a scientific basis and theoretical basis for drainage of the watery sandstones within the scope of water flowing fractured zone（ Networking）. Moreover,aimed at the characteristics and type of water-sand inrush disaster induced by the caving fractured zone and the network of fractured zone,corresponding prevention and control countermeasures have been put forward to ensure that the mining working face was not subject to water-sand inrush threat.