新地缘政治视角下的俄罗斯对外能源合作

Russia's Foreign Energy Cooperation from the Perspective of New Geopolitics

俄罗斯作为一个追求世界能源超级大国地位与作用的国家,其能源产业对地缘政治环境的变化极为敏感,新的地缘政治形势决定了俄罗斯势必推行灵活而又平衡的对外能源政策。乌克兰危机爆发以来,美欧国家对俄罗斯采取高压政策,俄欧能源关系面临前所未有的挑战,但基于双方的合作传统和相互依赖的现实,能源互利合作依旧是解决摩擦、保障欧洲能源安全与俄罗斯经济发展的重要途径。俄美能源关系则由于北美"页岩气革命"的广泛兴起,美国推动俄美能源合作的意愿明显减弱以及地缘政治上的对立,对话陷于停顿。近年来俄政府陆续出台了一系列战略举措,加快发展其东部地区的能源产业,进一步推行面向东方的更为积极、更富成效的能源政策成为俄罗斯在地缘政治新形势下的必然选择。左右逢源的对外能源合作不仅有助于俄政府打造有利的外部竞争环境,突破地缘政治困局,而且可以为未来全方位地融入世界经济体系创造条件。

Pursuing as the world's energy superpower Russia's energy industry is very sensitive to changes in the geopolitical environment. The new geopolitical situation promotes Russia to implement a flexible and balanced foreign energy policy. Since the outbreak of the Ukraine crisis, US and Europe have adopted coercion policy on Russia. The energy relations between Russia and the EU are facing unprecedentedchallenges,but energy cooperation is still the way of solving friction, guaranteeing European energy security and developing Russian economy in the context of the cooperation and interdependence. Meanwhile 'shale gas revolution ' in Northern America and geopolitical conflicts between two countries significantly weaken US's will for promoting Russia- US energy cooperation,and dialogue between US and Russia stalled as well. Against this background Russian government has introduced a series of strategic initiatives to accelerate the development of the energy industry in eastern region and pursue an East- oriented policy.