引文伦理研究

Research on Citation Ethics

引文伦理是科研人员适应科学研究(学术研究)规律、特点而形成的要求科研人员引用他人研究成果"应当如何引用"的自律规范,以及学术共同体认为在科学研究(学术研究)活动中科研人员引用他人研究成果时"应当如何引用、如何标识及著录"的制度和舆论约束。引文伦理的基本原则主要有:"占有"原则、无害原则、共享原则、平等原则、如实著录原则。构建引文伦理制度,应当包含以下几个方面:引文动机是积极的;引文应以原始文献或第一手资料为依据;引文的思想、观点应与自述内容的思想观点一致;引文应予以明显的标识和清楚的著录;引文应有量和质的规定与控制。引文伦理规范是对引文伦理的原则、制度进行高度地总结、提炼,建立引文伦理规范势在必行。改善网络环境的引文伦理现状,一是加强网络信息管理,尝试开展网络信息引文伦理立法;二是制定网络信息引文伦理准则,约束个体使用网络信息的行为;三是大力发展网络监管与控制技术,从技术角度管控引文失范的局面;四是加强网络道德教育,使个体引文行为由"他律"走向"自律"。为提高科研人员的引文规范水平,应及时开展并强化引文伦理的教育、宣讲。

Citation ethics, formed in accordance with the law and features of science research （academic research）, is the self-discipline norm for scientific research personnel about how to cite others＇ research achievements, and also a system and public opinion constraint about how to cite, identify and describe others＇ research achievements in academic community. Basic principles of citation ethics mainly include： occupied, harmless, sharing, equal and accurate description. Citation ethics system should be constructed from the following aspects： positive motivation, primary document or first- hand data, conformity of ideas from citation and articles, obvious identification and clear description, and stipulation and control of quality and quantity. Citation ethics norm is high summary and refine of ethics norm＇s principle mad system, which is imperative to be constructed. We should adopt effective measures to improve citation ethics in network environment. Firstly, strengthening network information management and trying to make network information citation ethics legislation. Secondly, setting out network information citation ethics codes to restrain individuals＇ behavior. Thirdly, striving to develop cyber-supervision and controlling technology to correct citation anomie. Fourthly, strengthening moral education to guide the individual＇s behavior from ＂heteronomy＂ to ＂self-discipline＂. To improve scientific research personnel＇s citation norms level, education and preach about citation ethics should be undertaken timely.