淡水鱼水霉病及防治的研究进展

Research progress of saprolegniasis in freshwater fish and its preventive treatment

近年来,水霉病给世界淡水养殖业带来了破坏性影响。引起该病的病原菌主要是水霉菌,隶属于卵菌纲。水霉菌流行范围广、危害性强,在土壤、淡水环境中广泛分布。水霉菌细胞壁无几丁质,不同于真菌,其菌丝体发达,纤细而分支繁多,并可深入机体内吸收营养;具有无性生殖和有性生殖两种生殖方式,生活史相对简单,包括游动孢子、孢囊与孢子囊等阶段。抗生素等应用导致耐药性的产生,所以一些新型药物被开发出来。文章概述了水霉病的分类状况、病原菌、临床症状及防治等方面的进展,旨在为深入研究该病提供理论参考。

In recent years, saprolegniasis brings devastating effects on the world＇s freshwater aquaculture. The pathogen causing the disease is mainly water mold, belonging to Oomycetes. Water mold has a wide prevalence and strong harmfulness, and is widely distributed in soil, freshwater environment. The cell wall of water mold has no chitin unlike fungi, and its mycelium is developed and slender with numerous branches, and can penetrate into the body to absorb nutrients. Water mold has two modes of reproduction including asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction, and its life history is relatively simple, including the zoospore, cyst and sporangium stages. Antibiotics and other applications lead to drug resistance, so some new drugs have been developed. This article outlines the advances in the classification status of saprolegniasis, the pathogen, clinical symptoms, and prevention and treatment and so on, and it aims to provide a theoretical reference for further study of the disease.