不同中药提取物对苹果采后保鲜活性筛选

Evaluation of Fresh-keeping Activity of Chinese Herbal Medicine Extracts on Postharvest Apple Fruits

采用市售的39种中药为材料,以"富士"苹果(Malus pumila Mil)为供试果蔬,采用喷雾法,测定了供试中药提取物对采后苹果果实的室温保鲜活性,以期筛选出具有较高保鲜活性植物源物质,为开发新型植物源果蔬保鲜剂提供依据。结果表明:在苹果室温贮藏过程中,茵陈蒿、花椒和知母的乙醇提取物具有较好的保鲜活性,在浓度为1.0 mg DW/m L时能够显著降低苹果的坏果率、失重率,有效延缓其硬度、口感、风味、Vc的变化,提高其超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶及过氧化物酶活性,抑制相对电导率的上升,保鲜效果明显。这3种植物具备开发成为果蔬保鲜剂的潜力,值得进一步研究。

In order to get high fresh-keeping botanical materials and develop new botanical preservative,the fresh-keeping activities of the extracts of 39 Chinese herbal medicines,which were extracted with ethanol by ultrasonication,were determined against ＂Fuji＂apples by spraying method under room temperature（ RT）. The results indicated that extracts virgate wormwood herb,common anemarrhena rhizome and pricklyash peel had higher fresh-keeping activities for apples at 1. 0 mg DW/m L. The quality of apples treated by the plant extracts was better than the clear water treatment（ CK）,and had no significant difference with drug control（ 1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）. The treatments significantly reduced the weight-loss rate and the number of rotted tomatoes,slowed down the decrease in the flesh firmness effectively,titratable acidity,flavor,Vc,delayed the increase in total soluble solids,increased the activity of superoxidae dismutase,catalase and peroxidase,restrained the increase of relative electric conductivity. The preservation effects of the three plants were not significant difference with1-MCP and deserved to further research.