自然主义心理学的困境与思考

On the Predicament of Naturalistic Psychology

19世纪下半叶,心理学作为科学的观念普遍兴起。正是对这个观念的系统的反思和追问,引导着20世纪思想史进程,并在这个过程中,既从肯定的方面在现象学作为严格科学的意义上阐明了心理学作为科学的观念实现它自身的必然道路,又从否定的方面揭示了自然主义思维态度关于心理学作为自然科学的观念的逻辑的不可能性。通过作为思想实验引入关于无解的迷笼中的桑代克的猫的命运的讨论,得以对自然主义心理学的历史困境及其深层根源提供一个更直观、更有力的隐喻的说明,并由此推进关于心理学作为科学的观念的真理性含义和必然性道路的思考和论证。

The idea of psychology as science became popular in the nineteenth century.It is the close questioning and systematic investigation of what the idea really means that leads human thought into the process that develops in the twentieth century till the present.In the process,it is definitely proved that the necessary path for the idea to realize itself is phenomenology as rigorous science in Husserlian sense.This further foretells the logical impossibility of the naturalistic idea of psychology as a natural science.By way of discussing the fate of Thorndike＇s cat in an unresolvable puzzle box,the predicament of naturalistic psychology is more vividly and forcefully explicated.