辩证看待当前“两制关系”——基于《手稿》中有关私有财产关系的研究

A Dialectical Analysis of the Two-System Relationship:Study of the Essence of the Private Properly in Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》作为马克思主义哲学变革的标志性著作,马克思从私有财产和异化劳动关系出发对私有财产的本质进行了透彻的分析。马克思强调,异化劳动是私有财产产生的根源,私有财产内在包含着劳动与资本的关系。首先,资本与劳动二者相互统一,二者共同统一于私有制度当中,每一方的存在都以对方的存在为前提条件;其次,劳动与资本相互对立,每一方都是对方的"非存在",都企图剥夺另一方。从劳动与资本的关系去考察"两制关系",一方面要看到两制之间存在着对立关系。资本主义是建立在对社会主义剥削和奴役基础上;社会主义则是以消灭资本主义,实现共产主义为最终目的。另一方面,两种制度可以和平共处。当前社会主义国家与资本主义国家所面临的共同困境,只有通过彼此间的相互合作才能加以解决;各国的经济文化只有在互通有无、优势互补基础上才能实现更大的发展。

The book Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844 plays an important role in the revolutionary innovations of Marxist philosophy, which reveals the essence of the private property and the relationship between capital and alienated labor.On the one hand, capital and alienated labor rely on each other; on the other hand, they are conflicting. The relationship between capital and alienated labor provides a dialectical perspective to analyze the＂two-system relationship＂, which isconflictingbut coexisting as well. Capitalism would be replaced by socialism, but it would be a long-term course. Thus, in the face of the dilemma,they need cooperate with each other to achieve further developmentrespectively.