再议索绪尔的语言本体论——与张延飞、张绍杰老师商榷

More on Saussure's Linguistic Ontology:A Discussion with Zhang Yan-fei and Zhang Shao-jie

索绪尔对"语言"和"言语"做了严格区分,并且重"语言"而轻"言语"。同时,他指出,"语言和言语是互相依存的:语言既是言语的工具,又是言语的产物"。但本文发现,"言语"中产生的符号不能融入系统整体,变成"语言"的事实;而且,系统整体中的符号形成于系统的内部,并非"言语"的产物。因此,"语言"不可能既是系统整体,又是集体规约,其中必然存在矛盾。

In order to establish a science of language, Saussure separates langue from parole, and Saussure＇ s stress is on the former rather the latter. Meanwhile, Saussure points out, ＂There exists an interdependence between langue and parole. The former is at the same time the instrument and the product of the latter＂. But this paper finds out that a newly produced sign from parole （ social convention） cannot be integrated into the holistic system and become a fact of langue. What＇ s more, signs in holistic system are actually created by the system itself rather than by parole. So, langue can not be holistic system and social conventions at the same time, among which there must be a contradiction.