认同、他者、侨易——夏志清、柯灵、许子东的张爱玲文学史意义论述

Identity,Other and Kiao-I: The Discussion about the Significance of Eileen Chang in Literary History by Chih-Tsing Hsia,Ling Ke and Zi-Dong Xu

自20世纪以来,当中国因列强侵略,选择接受西方教育体制后,现代文学学科开始建立,也就有了文学史撰写。从文学史书写文本中,可见文学史家的史观、作家的选择、作家作品叙事、批评成果。不同时期也会出现"重写文学史""重研文学史"学术运动与思潮。在这些成果、思潮与运动中,中国的文学史作者,受族群、社会阶层、意识型态、国族身分(National identity)与价值归属感认同(sense of value identification)的影响,选择、接受、运用了各式各样、不同意义的西方现代性(Modernity)文化、美学、社会概念,完成了中与西、自身与国族价值的双向融合(侨易)。本文以夏志清、柯灵、许子东的张爱玲文学史论述为对象,指出张爱玲实为三位文学史家,现代性身分认同与实践中的"他者"。他们借着"他者"张爱玲,进行中西双向文学现代性的侨易,且以"神圣性作者观"为中心思维,建立论断张爱玲的终极简洁原理(侨易学定名为"高简")。

The writing of literature history appeared ever since the establishment of modern literature as a dis- cipline, when the Western education system was accepted as a result of the Western Powers invasion since the early 20th century. From the texts of literature history we can find the historian＇s view of history, their preference of writers, works, as well as their criticism. The movement of ＂re - writing literature history＂ might also emerge in different periods. Influenced by their ethnic and social status, ideologies, national identity and sense of value identification, the Chinese literature historians might select and accept variety of cultural, aesthetic and social concept of Western modernity with different significances, and completed the two way fusion between Chinese and the Western, self and national values. This paper is subjected to the discussion about the significance of Eileen Chang in lit- erary history elaborated respectively by Chih -Tsing Hsia, Ling Ke, as well as Zi -dong Xu, and indicated that Eileen Chang actually represented the ＂other＂ in these three literary historians＇ identity and practice of modernity. Through the ＂other＂ - Eileen Chang, they not only conducted the bidirectional process of ＂Klan -I＂ between Chinese and western literary modernity, but used the ＂sacred view of the authorship＂ as the central idea to establish the ultimate and concise principle for commenting Eileen Chang.