《左传》桓、管叙事与创伤记忆

The Narration of the Story of Duke Huang and Guang Zhong in Zuo Zhuan and the Trauma Memory

犬戎攻灭宗周给周文化圈内的华夏族成员造成了严重的心理创伤,春秋时期夷狄对中国的不断侵害又强化了这种创伤记忆。在创伤记忆的影响下,有历史忧患意识和历史责任感的儒家学者开始思考春秋初期夷狄交侵下的中国何以幸存。以孔子为代表的儒家学者认为正是管仲辅佐齐桓公尊王、攘夷才使中国和华夏文化得以幸存下来。《左传》作者继承了孔子的这种观点,在桓、管叙事部分特别突出了齐桓公和管仲攘夷狄、救中国的善举,将他们塑造成华夏文化捍卫者的正面形象。这不仅是为了表彰齐桓公和管仲的历史功绩,更是为了给后世树立一面攘外安内的旗帜和一个捍卫华夏文化的榜样。

The Quanrong barbarian＇ s invasion of the Western Zhou has left serious psychological trauma among the members of the Huaxia nationals. The continuous harassment from the Yidi barbarians during the Spring and Autumn period has enhanced the memory of this trauma. Under the influence of this trauma memory, Confucian scholars with sense of historical concern and responsibility came to the question of how could the Huaxia national survive through the invasions by the outsiders. The scholars represented by Confucius believed that due to the merit of Guan Zhong, who helped the Duke Huang of Qi to honor the King and to drive off the barbarians, the Chinese Huaxia culture had survived. The author of Zuo Zhuan inherited the opinion of Confucius, specially extruded the merits of Guan Zhong and Duke Qi, molded them as the positive image of the defender of the Huaxia culture. This is not only for praising the merits of Duke Huang and Guan Zhong, but also set an example of keeping internal solidarity and defense Huaxia culture.