构建我国宪法监督制度的理论思考——以完善实效性违宪审查制度为视角

Theoretical Thinking on the Establishment of Constructional System of Supervision in China—In the Perspective of Perfection of Effective System of Constitutional Review

纵观世界各国可以发现,是否存在具有实效性的违宪审查制度是衡量一个国家民主和法治发展程度的重要标准之一,我国应该尽快建立起具有实效性的违宪审查制度。这一制度对于解决我国国家治理和社会治理面临的基本矛盾具有重要作用,我国宪法监督制度失效失能的症结在于违宪审查制度不够健全、完善并切实有效,尽快建立实效性的违宪审查制度显得十分紧迫和必要。而要建立具有中国特色的违宪审查制度,就必须澄清认识误区,破解理论难题,解决人民主权与分权制衡是否存在矛盾冲突、宪法至上和宪法适用之间的逻辑断裂如何弥合、人民主权理论与违宪审查制度是否冲突、违宪审查机关与宪法解释机关是否存在权力冲突、违宪审查机关的权力来源及独立性和民主正当性等问题。在此基础上,借鉴其他国家违宪审查制度模式,建立起我国复合型的违宪审查模式。

Based on a worldwide research,whether or not a state has established its judicial-review-system-with-effectiveness is one of the essential criterions to measure the state＇s democracy and the rule-of-law development degree. China shall establish a judicial-review- system-with-effectiveness as early as possible.Such system will play an important role in resolving the basic contradictions in state governing and social governing. The crucial reason that our constitutional supervision system is ineffective and disable lies in the lackness of judicial-review-system-with-effectiveness. Yet,to build a judicial review system with Chinese characteristics,we have to clarify some wrong cognition and solve theoretical problems in the following areas as to resolve if people＇s sovereignty conflicts with check-and-balance,to repair the logical fracture between the supremacy of constitution and the application of constitution,to confirm if the theory of people＇s sovereignty conflicts with judicial review system,to confirm if the powers conflict between judicial review organ and constitutional interpretation organ,to figure out judicial review organ＇s power sources as well as its independence and its democracy legitimacy. Based on the above efforts and taking the lights of other countries,China will establish our own combined judicial review institutions.