心理安全视角的女性创业心态分析

Women's Entrepreneurial Mentality: A Perspective on the Safety-oriented Hypothesis

从社会心理学角度,深入探讨了女性创业心态的特点。虽然有研究显示女性和男性在创新创业方面都享有共同的心态特征,从而提示可能并不存在具有特异性的女性创新创业心态特征,但从进化心理学和社会文化心理学的角度来考虑,独特的女性化的创新创业可能存在。基于这样的理论考虑,提出女性化创新创业的"安全创业兼顾"假说。通过对女性化创业心态调查数据的分析,从感知和认知层面、动机和决策层面、行动层面和自我评价层面,将安全需要与开展创新创业活动所可能带来的风险这一对创新创业所面临的心理基本矛盾作为分析重点,归纳、总结和预期了处于现代社会中的女性创业的基本方式和特征。

The characteristics of women ＇s entrepreneurial mentality were discussed in this study. Some previous studies had showed that the entrepreneurial mentality of men and women shared lots of similarities,implying the mentality of women entrepreneurs may not own their specific characteristics. From the perspective of the evolutionary psychology,social and cultural psychology,there are gender differences in the cognitive mentality style. It implies there is the feminization of entrepreneurial mentality and can theoretically explain the characteristics of entrepreneurship on psychological security,constructive renovation and incremental improvement. We proposed that the feminization of entrepreneurial mentality refers to that women entrepreneurs prefer the safety-oriented entrepreneurial approach that tries to get a good balance between their psychological safety and risk during the entrepreneurial processes. We discussed this hypothesis based on the results of a survey collected from 484 women entrepreneurs. Our survey data covered a wide range of topics concerning the entrepreneurial environment,entrepreneurial motivation,decision making style,actual entrepreneurial practice and self-evaluation of entrepreneurial successes. These data were generally consistent with this hypothesis on the characteristics of women＇s entrepreneurial mentality and suggested the importance of safety control in women＇s entrepreneurship.