论古代邺城的兴废与生态环境的变迁

On the Rise and Fall of Ancient Ye City Due to the Changes of Ecological Environment

"六朝古都"邺城自春秋时期兴起,后逐渐发展成为县治所、郡治所、州治所,进而升为曹魏王都;到北朝,成为后赵、冉魏、前燕、东魏、北齐的都城,曲折发展至鼎盛。邺城的兴起发展乃至鼎盛有政治、军事等多方面的因素,其中优越的自然环境尤其是水环境也是其重要原因。然而,丧失都城地位的邺城,在隋唐时降为县级城市,至宋熙宁中又沦为冷清小镇,直至明清都是如此。与此同时邺城生态环境尤其是水环境也发生很大变化,黄河、漳河改道,原有运河废弃,新的运河偏离邺城东较远,致使邺城在隋代以后衰而不兴,其荒凉落寞景象,也在政客、文人笔下一览无余。

Yecheng,＂the ancient capital of six dynasties＂,sprang up since the spring and autumn period,gradually developed into the seat of county,prefecture,and state,and then rose to the capital of Cao Wei; and in the North dynasty,became the capital of Houzhao,Ranwei,Qianyan,Dongwei,and Beiqi successively,going through a winding way in development till it reached its great prosperity. Yecheng＇s starting from rising,development,and then to its great prosperity has various factors such as politics and military affairs etc,its privileged natural environment especially water environment is also the important reason. After fully developed,Yecheng,especially as the capitals of the dynasties,was a pleasing city in its ecological environment,due to the Zhangshui water guided into the city,the green trees besides the street giving shade,and the beautiful gardens laying in the northern suburb. But then Yecheng lost its position as the capital,downgraded into a county class city in Sui and Tang dynasty,fell into a lonely town in Song xining era and remained thus a situation in Ming and Qing dynasty. Due to this change,Yecheng＇s ecological environment,especially its water environment,changed a lot also,with Yellow river and Zhanghe river diverting their courses,the original cannel deserted,and the new cannel being rather farther away from the east of Yecheng. Because of this,since Sui dynasty Yecheng has been a deserted town,with no prosperity any more,and its bleak and desolate scenes were fully described by politicians and scholars.