重合与分野:比喻和基于比喻的拈连

Overlap and Distinction: Metaphor and Zeugma based on Metaphor

拈连是基于语境的临时活用。语境支撑和超常搭配是构成拈连的基本要素。比喻可以为拈连提供语境支撑,因此比喻和基于比喻的拈连就有可能出现形式上的重合。超常搭配的发生与否,为具体语料的归类提供了依据。从比喻到基于拈连的比喻,比喻的原型构式受到了不同程度的压缩,其本质是比喻构式对语境的自我适应和调整。

Zeugma is a kind of temporary utilization based on the context. Context support and unconven-tional collocation are the basic elements of zeugma. Metaphor can be the context support of zeugma, whichmaybe lead to formal overlap between these two rhetoric formats. The existence of unconventional collocationprovides evidence for classification of specific corpus. From metaphor to zeugma based on metaphor, prototypestructure of metaphor is compressed to varying degrees. The essence of such compression is the metaphor＇sself-adaptation and adjustment to the context.