《墨经》中“非”的用法分析

Analysis on the Usage of Negative Words in Mohist

《墨经》中‘非’的用法复杂多样,给文本解读带来很大困难,但其大概可分六种:第一种用法是作前置否定词,其辖域是后面的整个语句;第二种用法是作否定联项,"A非B"等价于"A不是B";第三种用法是作评价词,表示不好的、错误的等含义;第四种用法表示向外、分开、不同、区别等含义;第五种用法表示反对、责难等态度;最后一种用法是作为一个特殊量词,表示排除性选择。对于《墨经》中"非"的固定用法的分析有助于某些疑难文本的解读。

The usage of fei in Mohist is the most complex which has rose much difficulties to our inter-pretation on text, but it＇s can be divide in to six different types： firstly, as the preposition negation, its domin-ion covered the whole sentence behind of it; secondly, as an negatively connective term, A fei B equate to A isnot B; thirdly, as an evaluation term meaning bad or wrong; fourthly, expressing the meaning of outward, divid-ed or difference; fifthly, expressing such attitudes as objection or censure; sixth and lastly, as an special quanti-fier expressing a selection by exclusion. The analysis on the fixed usage of fei in Mohist is helpful for our inter-pretation on the text