南疆膜下滴灌棉田土壤温度时空变化规律研究

Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Changes of Soil Temperature in Cotton Fields under Mulched Drip Irrigation in South Xinjiang

为了研究南疆免冬春灌"干播湿出"膜下滴灌棉花生育期土壤温度时空变化特征,测定了棉花宽行、窄行和膜间不同深度(地表下5、10、15、20、30、40、60 cm)土壤温度的变化情况。试验结果表明:浅层土壤温度受气温影响变化剧烈程度高于深层,太阳辐射变化对40 cm以下土壤温度日变化影响微弱,地膜覆盖可明显提高棉花播种-出苗阶段浅层土壤温度,具有增温效应,增温效应为宽行>窄行>膜间;蕾期和花铃期具有平抑土壤温度变化的作用;而在吐絮期后地膜覆盖出现保温效应。各层土壤日均地温均与气温呈线性关系。

In order to investigate the characteristics of spatial and temporal changes of soil temperature in cotton fields under mulched drip ir- rigation for no-winter ＆ spring irrigation with dry sowing and humid germination in south Xinjiang. The soil temperature at wide row, narrow row and under film for different depth （5,10,15,20,30,40 and 60 cm）during whole growth of cotton are observed. The results showed that the variation of shallow layer soil temperature violent change than deep soil, solar radiation have a little effects for 40 cm soil depth made the diurnal change of soil temperature to be stable. Plastic mulching have improving temperature effects should increased shallow soil temperature obviously during sowing-germination period, the warming effects were wide row bigger than narrow row and under film. Budding stage and blossing and boll-forming stage for plastic mulching have stabilize effects, but at boll opening stage for plastic mulching have warming effects. The soil temperature changed with atmosphere temperature were linear relationship for different soil place and depth.