中国农村老年慢性阻塞性肺病患者接种23价肺炎多糖疫苗的卫生经济学评价

Health economic evaluation of a 23 value pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination pilot programme among elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in China

目的：从卫生经济学角度评价农村老年慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）患者接种23价肺炎多糖疫苗接种效果。方法通过COPD预防-治疗-康复医疗服务一体化管理试点（包括陕西省汉中市汉滨区、重庆市黔江区、山东省青岛市黄岛区、河南省焦作市温县）新型农村合作医疗（新农合）办公室建立的信息管理系统，查询参加新农合的一般信息、医疗记录信息和相关费用等信息。按非概率抽样方法抽取对象，纳入60岁以上并为本地户籍、在1年内曾因COPD急性发作住院治疗、无肺炎疫苗接种禁忌且3年内未接种过23价肺炎多糖疫苗并自愿接种者，共860例。采用无对照组的类实验研究设计，于2013年1—12月对其免费接种23价肺炎多糖疫苗，并采用自行设计问卷和《欧洲生命质量5维量表（EQ-5D）中文版》调查患者的接种成本和效果数据，于2014年1月对患者进行随访，随访时间为1年。采用配对样本秩和检验比较接种前后患者由于COPD急性发作而接受门诊和住院治疗的次数、质量调整生命年（QALY）以及直接医疗费用的差异，并计算增量成本效果比（ICER）及成本效益比（CBR）。结果截至2014年1月，共接种23价肺炎多糖疫苗860例。截至2015年1月，共随访788例，失访72例，失访率为8.4%。接种23价肺炎多糖疫苗后，COPD患者人均减少（1.12±2.51）次由于急性发作接受的治疗，其中包括（0.28±2.09）次门诊和（0.85±1.15）次住院；人均节省治疗费用共3610.21元，其中包括门诊费用241.41元和住院费用3269.82元；人均提高了0.03个QALY。ICER为-208226（95%CI：-2445611～-291310）元/QALY，位于成本效果图的第四象限。CBR为12.00。结论随访人群接种23价肺炎疫苗1年后，明显减少由于COPD急性发作所接受治疗的次数，具有良好的成本效果并节省医疗费用，在有条件的地区可探索将疫苗纳入公共卫生项目或医保新农合的报销目录。

Objective From the perspective of health economics, to evaluate 23 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination programme among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） patient. Methods In the pilot counties of the project of integrated care pathway for COPD patient （Hanbin district of Hanzhong city in Shanxi Province, Qianjian district of Qingqing city, Huandao district of Qindao city in Shangdong Province, Wen county of Jiaozuo city in Henan Province）, information of insurance participants of New Rural Cooperative Medical System （NRCS） was collected by local NRCM information system, which included general information as well as records of medical care and medical fee. Nonprobability sampling method was applied to select a total of 860 objects, who were over 60 years old with local household registration, hospitalized within one recent year due to COPD acute exacerbation, and without vaccination of 23 voluntary pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine within 3 years. A quasi-experimental design without control group was adopted. Objects were vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine from January to December in 2013, then were followed up from January in 2014 for one year. Data of effectiveness and medical cost was collected by self-designed questionnaire and 〈EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire 〉（Chinese version）. Paired rank sum test applied to test the difference of quality of life, number and direct medical cost of treatment （including outpatient treatment and hospitalization） due to COPD acute exacerbation, one year before and after intervention. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER） and cost-benefit ratio （CBR） of the programme were calculated. Results By January 2014, eight hundred sixty objects were vaccinated. By January 2015, seven hundred eighty eight objects were followed up, with 72 cases withdrawed （8.4%）. On average, COPD patients reduced 1.12±2.51 treatments due to acute exacerbation, including 0.28±2.09 outpatient treatments and 0.85±1.15 hospitalizations. Total medical cost was saved by 3 610.21 per capita yuan, including outpatient cost of 241.41 yuan and hospitalization cost of 269.82 yuan; Quality of life was gained by 0.03 QALY gain per capita. The ICER was dominant and CBR was 12.00. Conclusion COPD patients vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine within one year reduced treatments due to acute exacerbation. The vaccination was cost effective and cost saving , and we suggest the vaccine should be covered in the public health program or health insurance scheme in conditional region.