中西文化对女神身体的想象——以《洛神赋图》《维纳斯的诞生》为视点

Chinese and Western Body Images of Goddess in Paintings of Goddess Luo and The Birth of Venus

《洛神赋图》与《维纳斯的诞生》中的洛神和维纳斯是基于中西不同文化的各自女神身体图像想象和呈现的典型代表。运用潘诺夫斯基的"三个层次"的图像学分析理论对顾恺之《洛神赋图》和波提切利《维纳斯的诞生》中的洛神和维纳斯身体图像进行比较分析,可以发现中西文化对女神身体的不同想象:洛神和维纳斯身体图像所蕴含的本质性的内在意义,即中国的"天人合一"与西方的"天人相分"的思维模式,不仅支撑并解释了洛神和维纳斯各自身体的"神性"和"人性"象征图式,而且决定了作为女神身体图像的表现形式的身体之"形"和身体之"体"。

Goddess Luo and Venus in Paintings of Goddess Luo and The Birth of Venus are typical representatives of body images and imaginations based on different cultures. The paper intends to probe into the different conno-tations of the body images of Goddess Luo and Venus in the paintings within the framework of Erwin Panofsky’ s three-level theory in iconology, trying to research the different cultures hidden in the different body images of goddesses. The different meanings of body images of Goddess Luo and Venus reflect different thinking modes：one is Chinese nature-human integration, the other western nature-human separation. The differences not only explain the different body symbol schema of“divinity” and“humanity”, but also determine the different forma-tion of images of “shape” and “ body”.