交替传译中文化缺省认知分析与对策研究

A Cognitive Analysis of Cultural Defaults in Alternating Interpreting and Their Countermeasures

文化缺省是同一文化背景下人们省略共享的文化背景知识的现象。文化缺省使交际双方产生"意义真空",难以建立必要的连贯关系,从而造成交际双方的障碍。交替传译的口译员应对文化缺省具有认知意识,并能有效、合理采用音译加注、直译、直译加注、意译和归化等翻译策略对缺失的文化知识进行语言、结构、内容上的重构。译者应协助听者重构语义和语境连贯,帮助其更好理解说话者传达的意图和译语文化内涵。

Cultural default is defined as the absence of some cultural background knowledge shared by people. The ＂vacuum of sense＂caused by cultural defaults fails to construct coherence in interpreting and tends to give rise to communication barrier. The alternating interpreter is supposed to have the cognitive awareness of cultural defaults and adopt such strategies as transliteration with annotation,literal translation and / or with annotation,free translation and domestication in the reconstruction of target language,its grammar and content. The interpreter aids to reconstruct the coherence in both semantics and context. As a result,it is more effective to convey speaker＇s intention and cultural implication of target language to the listener or the audience.