居住作为进入城市的权利 兼谈《不只是居住》

Residence as the Right to the City And on Beyond Residence

文章首先阐述了资本主义社会发展的四个历史阶段,论述历史过程中出现的三种思潮——它们也是处理居住作为社会问题时的三种思潮;进而讨论《共产党宣言》、《论住宅问题》中与居住相关的内容,并阐述列斐伏尔、哈维等新马克思主义者关于"城市权利"的论述。政治、工作与居住的权利共同构成进入城市的权利;居住权利在日益城市化的世界中,已经成为一项人类生存的基本权利。进而文章对于《不只是居住》一书中提出的通过"住房合作社"方式来应对快速城市化进程中的中国城市住房问题展开讨论,认为"德性-信贷-政策"是形成有效住房合作社的必要条件。

This article expounds the four historical stages of the development of capitalist society, discusses the three schools of thought emerged throughout the historical process, also considered as the three schools of thought dealing with the notion of residence as a social issue, reviews the sections on residence in Communist Manifesto and On Housing, and elaborates on the idea of ＂urban rights＂ proposed by New Marxists such as Lefebvre and Harvey. The rights of politics, work, and residence constitute the right to enter the city; the right to live in an increasingly urbanized world, which has become a basic human right to survive. Furthermore, based on Jia Rujun＇s new book Beyond Residence, the paper discusses how to develop the mode of housing cooperatives to cope with the housing problem in China against the process of rapid urbanization, and points out that the ＂Virtue-Credit-Policy＂ is a necessary condition for the formation of effective housing cooperatives.