论维特根斯坦对弗洛伊德的心理分析的批判

Wittgenstein's Criticism of Freud's Psychoanalysis

维特根斯坦自诩为弗洛伊德的信徒,但他对弗洛伊德的心理分析的批判也贯穿始终。联系维氏整体的哲学思想,他对弗洛伊德的批判主要体现在三方面:弗洛伊德建立在"自由联想"方法基础上的心理治疗是某种"表象-本质"的理论模式;"无意识"和"意识"的理论建构属于语法误用;原因和理由的混淆导致其理论只是某种"说服"的伪科学。因此,弗洛伊德思想体现了维特根斯坦所称的坏的思想风格,对弗洛伊德的批判正体现了维氏对"坏的哲学"的批判。

Wittgenstein thinks himself is a disciple of Freud,but he criticizes psychoanalysis from beginning to end. Focusing on the whole theory of philosophy of Wittgenstein,this paper mainly reveals in three aspects： method of psychotherapy which Freud establishes on the basis of＂free association＂is a＂appearence- essence＂theoretical model; ＂Unconscious＂and＂consciousness＂in the theoretical construction belongs to grammar misuse; confusing cause and reason which leads to his theory is just some kind of ＂persuaded＂pseudoscience. Therefore,Wittgenstein thinks Freud thought is the bad thinking style and his criticism of Freud reflects his criticism of the bad philosophy.